Glucose phosphorylation to glucose-6-phosphate has ΔG of +13.8 kJ/mol. This indicates the reaction is:

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Multiple Choice

Glucose phosphorylation to glucose-6-phosphate has ΔG of +13.8 kJ/mol. This indicates the reaction is:

The main idea is that the sign of ΔG tells whether a reaction needs energy or releases it. A positive ΔG means the process is endergonic: it requires energy input and is not spontaneous under standard conditions. Here, the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate has ΔG of +13.8 kJ/mol, so it needs energy input and does not proceed on its own. In cells, this step is typically driven forward by coupling to ATP hydrolysis, which provides enough free energy to move the reaction ahead. Because ΔG is positive, it is not exergonic, not spontaneous, and not at equilibrium (equilibrium would have ΔG = 0).

The main idea is that the sign of ΔG tells whether a reaction needs energy or releases it. A positive ΔG means the process is endergonic: it requires energy input and is not spontaneous under standard conditions. Here, the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate has ΔG of +13.8 kJ/mol, so it needs energy input and does not proceed on its own. In cells, this step is typically driven forward by coupling to ATP hydrolysis, which provides enough free energy to move the reaction ahead. Because ΔG is positive, it is not exergonic, not spontaneous, and not at equilibrium (equilibrium would have ΔG = 0).

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